WASHINGTON — Federal Reserve policymakers meeting in early August recognized that a spreading credit crunch could pose a danger to the country's economic health and that they might have to take action eventually.
The Fed, however, didn't feel an immediate need to step in at its Aug. 7 meeting. Instead, the Fed left a key interest rate at 5.25 percent, where it has stood for more than a year. Policymakers left rates alone even as they acknowledged that the worsening housing slump, credit problems and turbulence on Wall Street had increased risks to the economy.
Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke and his central bank colleagues "expected a return to more normal market conditions," but they recognized that might not be the case, according to minutes of the closed-door meeting released on Tuesday.
"A further deterioration in financial conditions could not be ruled out, and to the extent such a development could have an adverse effect on growth prospects, might require a policy response," the minutes stated. The minutes didn't say what that response might entail.
"Policymakers would need to watch the situation carefully," the minutes stated.
They did. Ten days later — on Aug. 17 — the Federal Reserve took the unusual step of slicing by a half percentage point the interest rate it charges banks for loans to 5.75 percent. That narrowly tailored move was aimed at propping up sagging financial markets. The Fed also has pumped billions of dollars into the U.S. financial system to help banks and other institutions get over any cash-flow problems and more smoothly carry out their businesses.
Economists and investors believe the odds are rising that the Fed will move to lower its key interest rate now at 5.25 percent by at least one-quarter percentage point on or before Sept. 18, its next regularly scheduled meeting. This rate, called the federal funds rate, is the interest banks charge each other on overnight loans and is the Fed main tool for influencing overall economic activity. A reduction to the funds rate would mean lower interest rates for millions of consumers and businesses.
Fears that the painful housing slump and credit crunch could hurt the economy have gripped Wall Street investors in recent weeks, causing stocks to swing wildly.
Credit is the economy's life blood. If it becomes too hard to get, spending and investment by people and businesses can stall, short-circuiting economic growth.
Fed policymakers at the Aug. 7 meeting were hopeful that the economy would be able to weather the financial storm. They predicted the economy would grow modestly in coming quarters. However, they recognized that problems in housing, with bad mortgages and the fallout on Wall Street were raising increasing risks to the economy.