WASHINGTON — President Ford may be best remembered for helping the nation through the turbulent times following President Nixon's resignation, but many recall how he also "ushered" the country into integration, provided aid to Vietnamese refugees and helped Americans begin healing from the Vietnam War.
"I think he will be remembered for being exactly the right man at the right time at the right place to heal a hurting nation," said Guy Vander Jagt, R-Mich., a former House minority leader and a longtime friend.
Ford, who was the longest living president, died Tuesday at 93. He came into office in 1974 following the resignation of the disgraced Richard Nixon.
"During his time in office, the American people came to know President Ford as a man of complete integrity who led our country with common sense and kind instincts," President Bush said.
Ford was best known for "changing the tone of the presidency and restoring people's faith in the presidency," said Ron Nessen, Ford's former press secretary. "He was a down-home guy, the guy next door. I think people welcomed that."
Aside from the Nixon scandal, Ford's 2 1/2-year tenure was plagued by high inflation, a crippling recession and the final stages of troop withdrawal from Vietnam. He was also in charge as the country wrestled with implementing some integration laws.
But it was Ford's unpopular decision to pardon Nixon that haunted him.
Soon after being sworn in as president, Ford's approval rating hovered at 71 percent, according to a Gallup Poll. But that number plummeted after he pardoned Nixon. By the start of the next year, Ford's approval rating had plunged to 37 percent.
"I don't think he ever had second thoughts about the pardon," Nessen said.
Vander Jagt said Ford knew the pardon would cost him the presidency when he ran for a full term in 1976, but it "freed him up to address the other problems that unite the nation."
Thirty years later, public opinion has changed. A Gallup Poll last month showed 60 percent of respondents rated Ford's overall presidency as average.
It was also under Ford's watch that the United States pulled out of Vietnam, ending a war left behind by previous presidents.
John Rowan, president of the Vietnam Veterans of America, called Ford the "caretaker" of the nation's final days in Vietnam.
"He basically cleaned up on everything going out the door," Rowan said. "He did it as well as could be expected. He was smart enough not to try to drag it out. I think he was pretty sharp about the whole thing. He was not about to make the same decision to keep us in a quagmire."
Ford is credited with welcoming South Vietnamese refugees who left the country as U.S. forces withdrew, said Gleaves Whitney, a historian and director of the Hauenstein Center for Presidential Studies at Grand Valley State University in Michigan.
"He was so humane, and that reflected his decency through and through," said Whitney, who is writing a book about Ford and last interviewed him in August 2005.
Nessen called the refugee aid an example of Ford's "moral leadership" and said he worked hard to turn around public opinion and successfully pressed Congress to fund the effort.
While Ford's tenure was short, he also made his mark on civil rights by working to implement the hard-fought battles from the 1960s, said Hilary Shelton, director of the NAACP's Washington office.
"He was someone whose policies supported important equal opportunity programs like affirmative action" for women and minorities, Shelton said. "It speaks very highly of his legacy."
Whitney said Ford established a commission on CIA domestic spying and in 1976 signed the first executive order banning assassinations of foreign leaders.
Experts also pointed to Ford's role in the Helsinki Accord, a Cold War-era human rights agreement.
"All of these were acts that were meant to heal the country and to re-establish confidence in our nation and our presidency," Whitney said.
Aggie Sarvis, 91, who spent 20 years handling public correspondence for all the presidents who served from the Eisenhower administration through the Ford administration, remembers him as "down to earth" and even spotted him on one occasion at the White House cafeteria.
"There he was, going through the line with all of us," said Sarvis. "He mixed with the people."